Manual B Balancing and Testing Air and Hydronic Systems

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Manual B Balancing and Testing Air and Hydronic Systems

Manual B Balancing and Testing Air and Hydronic Systems covers recognized testing and balancing methods for evaluating air and water flow. When technicians follow the procedures in this manual to verify and document air and water flow, equipment will operate as designed, run efficiently, last longer, and provide better occupant comfort.

Website Price $49.00

Author: Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)
Format: Softcover
Copyright: 2009
Pages: 144

Qty:

Description

Published by the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)

Manual B Balancing and Testing Air and Hydronic Systems covers:

HVAC components from a TAB perspective.
TAB tools that are available.
Documentation needed to begin and complete a TAB project.
How to apply the scientific principles of air to the TAB process.
Balancing airflow.
Balancing hydronic systems.

Problems encountered in the field, and warnings on commonly made mistakes are highlighted in the manual. Additionally, technicians can use the information provided in the manual to improve their diagnostic skills and understanding of how HVAC system operate.

As a bonus, Manual B provides sample forms that can be copied and used to document balancing procedures and the equipment data needed to complete an organized and well documented TAB report. Guidance on the specific information that needs to be included in the final report is included in the balancing sections for the individual types of equipment.

From the Introduction
This manual provides a systematic approach for testing and balancing (TAB) heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. This manual can also be used as a field reference for balancing HVAC equipment in all non-industrial facilities. It is divided into 12 sections that provide information needed to resolve the balancing challenges generally encountered in the field:

1. General Information Required to Begin Airflow Testing
2. Air Testing and Balancing (TAB) Tools
3. Understanding the Properties of Air
4. Documentation Needed To Begin Air Balance Testing
5. Air Handler Unit/Furnace System Airflow (AHU/F) TAB
6. Diffuser/Grille TAB
7. Auxiliary Equipment TAB
8. Duct Leakage Testing
9. Variable Air Volume Terminal (VAV) Balancing
10. Balancing Outside-Air and Exhaust Systems
11. Background Information for Hydronic Balancing
12. Hydronic Balancing

Seven Appendices that contain peripheral information and formsd to further assist TAB professionals:

1. Glossary
2. Test and Balance Forms
3. Quick Math Review
4. Balancing Conversion Factors
5. TAB Equations
6. ASHRAE 62.2 Requirements
7. Duct Diagnostics for TAB
8. Index

Getting Started
Balancing is an art based on science. TAB practitioners need to have a working understanding of the science in order to master the art. If you have never balanced an HVAC system, you will need to study all of the material. Even the most skilled HVAC technicians will find a new appreciation for the complexity of the simplest HVAC systems when balancing them.

Expect to learn something new related to the science of balancing on almost every job. Balancing numerous systems provides the practitioner with cumulative experience that will allow the use of intuition to evaluate a system and optimize the starting point.

Sections 1 through 3 contain information that practitioners need to know to successfully balance airflow. One of the biggest mistakes made during the balancing process is assuming that when the first part of the HVAC system is balanced, the airflow through it remains unchanged as further balancing is done. This is where the art comes in, since adjusting or changing one element changes the entire system, time and effort can be saved if balancing is done in an order that minimizes the change elsewhere. Balancers who follow the basic steps in the air balancing overview will be protected from common mistakes that may leave them balancing in circles without ever getting the whole system balanced correctly.

Many air balancing principles are applicable to hydronic balancing. Section 11 contains background information needed for hydronic balancing and Section 12 contains directions for hydronic balancing that mirror the processes used in the air balancing sections. Therefore, understanding the air balancing procedures is a prerequisite for hydronic balancing when using this manual.

From the Foreword
Once HVAC systems are installed they need to be balanced and then tested to make sure they have been properly designed and installed. Balancing and testing is required to make sure the heating and cooling airflow and hydronic (water flow) design specification requirements have been met. In order to perform as designed, airflow in cubic feet per minute (CFM) or water flow in gallons per minute (GPM) must be provided at the required temperature and volume into the designed locations. How many CFM or GPM a room requires is determined by the heating and cooling load calculations that are based on given values (location, occupancy levels, wall and window type etc.). For a balance to be completed, designed values for the air or water flow to each room need to be set, verified and documented. Additionally, the final air or water flow must be between maximum and minimum values specified by the HVAC system's original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for each and every component.

For cooling and heating applications, air is generally the medium used to control temperatures in the individual rooms. For efficient and safe operation, OEM engineering data detail a range of water or air flow for the individual components that make up each HVAC system, in CFM or in GPM. Too much airflow across a cooling coil may cause condensate water to be entrained in the air stream and carried downstream; causing rust (or worse yet mold or bacterial growth). Too little air through a gas furnace heat exchanger will cause it to short cycle by tripping the high temperature safety. Similarly, hydronic systems need to be balanced in order to provide the correct GPM to the systems utilizing water for heat transfer. Too much water flow can cause coils, pipes, etc., to wear out prematurely; not enough water flow can cause temperature-related heat exchanger damage. Numerous causes of improper water or air flow problems have been encountered in the field. Many of those problems result in equipment failures, and/or poor performance in those HVAC systems.

Different design load totals for heating and cooling a given room/zone are often found. Therefore, technicians will usually need to document water and air flow measurements for heating and cooling separately in order to ensure all seasonal requirements are met.

This manual covers recognized testing and balancing methods for evaluating air and water flow. When technicians follow the procedures in this manual, to verify and document air and water flow, equipment will operate as designed, run efficiently, last longer, and provide better occupant comfort.

Table of Contents
Copyright and Disclaimer. Acknowledgments. Forward. Introduction. Section 1: General Information Required to Begin Airflow Testing. Section 2: Air Testing and Balancing Tools. Section 3: Understanding the Properties of Air. Section 4: Documentation Needed to Begin Air Testing and Balancing. Section 5: Air Handler Unit/Furnace System (AHU/F) Airflow TAB. Section 6: Diffuser/Grille TAB. Section 7: Auxiliary Equipment TAB. Section 8: Duct Leakage Testing. Section 9: Variable Air Volume Terminal Balancing. Section 10: Balancing Outside-Air and Exhaust Systems. Section 11: Background Information for Hydronic Balancing. Section 12: Hydronic Balancing. Appendix 1: Glossary. Appendix 2: Test and Balance Forms. Appendix 3: Quick Math Review. Appendix 4: Balancing Conversion Factors. Appendix 5: TAB Equations. Appendix 6: ASHRAE 62.2-2007 Requirements. Appendix 7: Duct Diagnostics for TAB. Index.

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